This paper introduces a new design for individually-controlled magnetic artificial cilia for use in microfluidic devices. The design has been implemented using a low-cost prototype that can be fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and off-the-shelf parts, and achieves large cilium deflections (59% of the cilium length). Experimental results show that exploiting the individual control leads to faster mixing (38% reduction in mixing time) than when operating the device in a simultaneous-actuation mode with the same average cilium beat frequency.

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