Design Parameters for High-Efficiency Hybrid PV/Thermal Solar Energy Systems Available to Purchase

With recently increasing focus on solar energy, there has been increased interest in hybrid PV/thermal (PV/T) solar energy systems. In the PV/T system, a thermal energy recovery system is implemented to remove waste heat from the PV cells, thereby decreasing their operating temperature, leading to enhanced overall energy performance of the PV cells. The possibility of the utilization of waste heat recovered for hot water or space heating makes the PV/T system highly attractive for building integration. The main objective of this study is to conduct a state-of-the-art review and compare existing PV/T systems in terms of the factors limiting their electrical and thermal performance. Critical design parameters for maximum efficiency of PVT systems are identified and practical recommendations for improved design of PVT systems are provided.